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Study :: Bible Study Notes :: ESV Global Study Bible :: Footnotes for Zechariah 4
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ESV Global Study Bible :: Footnotes for Zechariah 4

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References for Zec 4:3 —  1   2 

Zech. 4:1–14 The fifth vision consists of a solid gold lampstand flanked by two olive trees (v. 3). A “lampstand” is almost always a ritual object, especially one made of gold (see Ex. 25:31–40).

Zech. 4:2 The lampstand supported a bowl, which was a container for the oil. Arranged around the bowl were seven lamps, each of which had seven lips (that is, “spouts”). This would provide a lot of light.

Zech. 4:6 God now addresses Zerubbabel, the governor. Along with Joshua the high priest, Zerubbabel had been put in charge of rebuilding the temple (Ezra 5:2; Hag. 1:1). God states that the obstacles to the rebuilding will be overcome only by an outpouring of God’s Spirit.

Zech. 4:7 With assurance of God’s help, the great mountain of difficulties that stands in the way of rebuilding will be reduced to a plain in front of Zerubbabel (compare Isa. 40:4).

Zech. 4:10a The building begun under Zerubbabel will challenge those who think of their times as a day of small things. God’s work may start in small ways, yet it will reach a glorious conclusion (compare Matt. 13:31–32).

Zech. 4:10b The seven lamps (v. 2) are the eyes of the Lord. They represent his watchfulness over the whole earth, which results in blessing for his faithful people (compare 2 Chron. 16:9).

Zech. 4:14 The two olive trees are the two anointed ones (see esv footnote). This “new oil” represents the fertility that flows from God’s blessing (compare Hag. 1:11). The trees produce unlimited amounts of oil for the lampstand. They stand by the Lord of the whole earth as members of his heavenly court. Most interpreters think these anointed ones represent Zerubbabel and Joshua.

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