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Psalm Ps. 23. This psalm describes God in two ways: as the Shepherd who cares for the sheep (vv. 1–4), and as the Host who cares for his guest (vv. 5–6). In worship, the faithful celebrate God’s greatness and majesty. He is the shepherd for Israel as a whole, and for each faithful Israelite as well.
Ps. 23:1 shepherd. The Bible often describes the Lord as a shepherd (see Gen. 48:15; 49:24; Ps. 28:9; 80:1; 95:7; 100:3; Rev. 7:17). Want means to lack what one needs.
Ps. 23:3 The restoration of the soul indicates the returning of life or vitality (compare 19:7; Ruth 4:15; Prov. 25:13; Lam. 1:19). Those who are faithful to God will tend to follow the paths that lead to righteousness. This pursuit of morality is a blessing, not a burden.
Ps. 23:4 shadow of death. In a valley in the desert of Judah one can encounter deep shadows. One cannot know what bandits or wild animals are lurking in those shadows. These desert valleys are often dry streambeds (wadis), so there can also be flash floods. But even in such times of suspense and danger, the faithful can know that God is with them, and thus they need not fear.
Ps. 23:5–6 prepare a table. The psalm now describes the faithful person as God’s guest at a meal. The enemies are powerless to prevent the enjoyment of God’s generous hospitality. For a non-Levite to dwell in the house of the Lord is to have ready access to the sanctuary for worship (compare 27:4).
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