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Prov. 28:2–12 Righteous individuals are essential for a just society. When many individuals are unjust, particularly those with power, all of society will suffer.
Prov. 28:2 The many rulers may refer to the increasing number of bureaucratic officials, or to frequent changes of ruling dynasty (as in the northern kingdom of Israel), or to the breakdown of central government leading to local lords ruling. Any of these can result from the lack of moral integrity in the people, and especially in those charged with leading the land.
Prov. 28:5 In Proverbs, evil men are those opposed to God’s will. They do not understand justice and what it requires from a government or a society. Those who seek the Lord, in contrast, should have the most accurate understanding of justice.
Prov. 28:9 The law is God’s covenantal instruction, especially the books of Moses. The three proverbs on the law (vv. 4, 7, 9) in this section (vv. 2–12) indicate that a healthy fear of the Lord is reflected in people’s respect for the law. This is the only thing that will enable people to maintain integrity.
Prov. 28:13–14 To fear the Lord (see note on 1:7) involves confessing one’s sins, rather than concealing them and hardening one’s heart. Such a person receives mercy and is therefore truly happy.
Prov. 28:15–16 A wicked ruler is pictured as a destructive wild animal who feeds off of poor people rather than protecting and providing for them. Such a ruler is a cruel oppressor who lacks the wisdom to hate unjust gain.
Prov. 28:17–18 These proverbs concern being delivered from trouble. No one should assist a fugitive fleeing from justice (compare Gen. 9:6). People of integrity will get the help they need.
Prov. 28:19–27 These proverbs all concern the desire to secure wealth and favor for oneself. They condemn get-rich-quick schemes (vv. 19, 20; compare 13:11), chasing after wealth (28:20, 22), accepting bribes (v. 21), seeking to get ahead by flattery (v. 23), wrongfully taking a parent’s money (v. 24), causing turmoil through greed (v. 25), and lacking charity (v. 27). The best way to prosperity and security is through hard work (v. 19), integrity and honesty (vv. 20, 21, 23, 24), and trusting in God and in godly wisdom (vv. 25, 26). Surprisingly, even generosity can lead to prosperity (v. 27).
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