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Num. 25:1–18 Once again, Israel is unfaithful to the Lord. However, unlike earlier times when they were unfaithful—at Sinai (Exodus 25–34) and at Kadesh (Numbers 13–14)—in this case God does not threaten to destroy the whole nation or delay their entry into Canaan. God will fulfill his promises to Israel, in spite of their continuing unfaithfulness (see Deut. 9:5).
Num. 25:1 Shittim was the final campsite before the Israelites crossed the Jordan (see Josh. 2:1). This is possibly Tell el-Hammam, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Jericho.
Num. 25:1–2 Whore . . . sacrifices of their gods . . . ate echoes the terms used in Ex. 34:15–16. The people were breaking the first commandment.
Num. 25:3 Baal was the main Canaanite fertility god. Israel was constantly tempted to worship Baal.
Num. 25:4–5 the fierce anger of the Lord. Drastic action was the only way to stop the Baal worship and the prostitution that went with it. hang them in the sun. This most likely refers to the ancient Near Eastern practice of impaling dead bodies on a stick after execution. This was a form of disgrace (rather than burying the bodies) and served as a public warning to all.
Num. 25:6 A chief’s son (v. 14) openly violates the ban on sexual relationships with foreign women by taking a Midianite princess (v. 15) into a tent near the tabernacle. The Moabites and Midianites who had hired Balaam (22:4, 7) had evidently corrupted Israel as well.
Num. 25:7–8 Phinehas, the high priest’s son, executes the chief’s son and the princess. His action stopped the plague that God sent to punish the people. Phinehas was rewarded for this by becoming the head of a permanent priestly dynasty (vv. 10–13).
Num. 25:9 A large number of people died because of the plague. This parallels the plagues at Sinai and Kadesh (Ex. 32:35; Num. 14:37; 16:49).
Num. 25:16–18 The ongoing struggle with Midian is reported in ch. 31 and Judges 6–8.
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