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Num. 24:1–14 The mention of the Spirit of God empowering Balaam (v. 2) shows the validity of Balaam’s third blessing. Balaam describes himself as the man . . . who hears the words of God.
Num. 24:5–6 This picture of Israel’s future success in Canaan uses imagery from the garden of Eden (see Gen. 2:9–10).
Num. 24:7 Water shall flow from his buckets. This continues the image of well-watered gardens. his seed shall be in many waters. This may refer to the fertility of the land, or to the growth of Israel’s population. His king shall be higher than Agag seems to be a prediction of Saul’s defeat of Agag (1 Sam. 15:1–9).
Num. 24:9 Balak, by demanding a curse on Israel, will himself be cursed (see v. 17).
Num. 24:15–19 An oracle was a prophet’s verbal statement about what God had shown him in a vision. Balaam’s final oracle begins like the previous one (compare vv. 3–4 with vv. 15–16). But it rapidly becomes a prophecy about the rise of the Davidic dynasty, which conquered the surrounding peoples, including Moab (2 Sam. 8:2–12).
Num. 24:17 star . . . scepter. Symbols of kingship (see Gen. 49:10). Sons of Sheth. Probably nomads living in Canaan.
Num. 24:18 Seir is another name for Edom.
Num. 24:19 This prophecy ends with another prediction of Moab being ruled by the Davidic dynasty.
Num. 24:20–25 Balaam adds three short oracles against the nations: Israel’s future will be secure, as other nations are destroyed.
Num. 24:20 This oracle predicts the defeat of the Amalekites (compare Ex. 17:8–16), probably in the time of David.
Num. 24:21–22 The next oracle predicts the defeat of the Kenites by Asshur. The Kenites were on good terms with Israel (see Judg. 1:16). Asshur is probably a tribe that lived in northern Sinai (Gen. 25:3–6; 2 Sam. 2:9).
Num. 24:23–24 These verses are difficult to interpret. It appears that Balaam predicts the Philistines (Kittim) arriving on the coasts of Canaan. This happened in the twelfth century b.c. They defeated Asshur and Eber before they themselves came to utter destruction at the hands of David. All these prophecies seem to focus on the time of David.
Num. 24:25 Then Balaam rose and went back to his place. This is not the end of the story of Balaam. Later he advised Balak to send women to seduce Israel and lead them away from God (31:16–18; compare Rev. 2:14).
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