Num. 15:1–41 At each place where Israel encamped for a long time, laws were given: at Sinai (Exodus 20–Numbers 9), Kadesh (Numbers 15), and the plains of Moab (Numbers 28–36). The Kadesh laws are the briefest and are mainly clarifications of the Sinai laws.
Num. 15:1–16 Leviticus 1–7 explained how each type of sacrifice was to be conducted. It did not explain that burnt offerings and peace offerings must be accompanied by flour, oil, and wine, possibly because these were not available in the wilderness. But when you come into the land (Num. 15:2), those things will be available.
Num. 15:17–21 The principle of firstfruits is now extended to baking. The first dough is to be given to the priests.
Num. 15:22–31 Sins that are unintentional or that are done in ignorance may be atoned for by a sin offering (compare Lev. 4:1–5:13).
Num. 15:22–26 These verses deal with unintentional sin committed by the entire congregation (compare Lev. 4:13–21).
Num. 15:27–29 These verses deal with unintentional sin committed by one person (compare Lev. 4:27–35). Atonement is required for such a person even though his sin is not as serious as willful sin. An immigrant (stranger who sojourns) may also seek atonement for unintentional sin (see also Num. 15:14–16).
Num. 15:30–31 Sins committed with a high hand probably are deliberate, defiant sins, since these are contrasted with unintentional sins (vv. 22, 24, 27). Those who sin intentionally shall be cut off (see Gen. 17:14; Ex. 12:15; 31:14; Num. 9:13; and note on 9:6–14).
Num. 15:32–36 This seems to be a case of sinning intentionally and publicly. The offender is executed, not just left to be “cut off” (compare vv. 30–31). In this case it is clear that the man has sinned, since all work on the Sabbath is prohibited (Ex. 20:10), including lighting a fire (Ex. 35:3).
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