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4:1–23 Opposition Intensifies, but the People Continue Watchfully. While the building continues, Sanballat and his allies resort to direct action in order to stop it, but their plot is foiled.
Neh. 4:1–2 Sanballat (see 2:9–10) mocks the work, no doubt to encourage his brothers (or allies) to join him in resisting. army of Samaria. It is not clear whether Sanballat really had authority to command an army.
Neh. 4:6 half its height. At this point, the project could still be stopped.
Neh. 4:7–8 It is hard to imagine that the Nehemiah’s opponents could have been successful, since his work had been authorized by the Persian king. Still, they were probably intimidating, since the Persian capital was about 1,100 miles (1,770 km) away, a journey of some 55 days.
Neh. 4:12 Friends and families of people who have come from the villages to work on the walls try to persuade them to come home because of the danger.
Neh. 4:15 God had frustrated their plan. The immediate threat is apparently over, but the work continues with half the people’s attention given to defense.
Neh. 4:16–17 each labored on the work with one hand and held his weapon with the other. Though Nehemiah and the people prayed and trusted God for protection (see vv. 4, 9, 14, 20), they also stayed ready to defend themselves. God often accomplishes his purposes by ordinary human means.
Neh. 4:20 With the people spread out, they were vulnerable at every point (v. 19). Nehemiah addresses this problem with his plan to let the sound of the trumpet be heard—a well-established call to battle. Our God will fight for us. Compare Ex. 14:14; Deut. 1:30.
Neh. 4:21–23 They worked on the wall in the day and guarded the city at night. By not taking off their clothes, they remained ready to engage the enemy.
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