10:1–39 Signatories and Specific Commitments. Many of the people agree to the covenant, and they accept the responsibility of funding the temple’s activities.
Neh. 10:1–27 The long list of names shows that the entire community supported the covenant.
Neh. 10:29 a curse and an oath. The two expressions together show the people’s serious intention to keep their commitment.
Neh. 10:30 Mosaic law prohibited intermarriage with the peoples of the land because they worshiped other gods. This is in the forefront because it was such a problem recently (Ezra 9–10).
Neh. 10:31 The Sabbath commandment (Ex. 20:8–11; Deut. 5:12–15) was a key marker of Israel’s identity. Trading with surrounding peoples on the Sabbath must have been a temptation (see Neh. 13:16–22). crops of the seventh year. The Sabbath idea extended to the seventh year, when normal cultivation was prohibited (Lev. 25:2–7).
Neh. 10:32 third part of a shekel. No Mosaic law requires this tax. It is a new commitment to support the service of the house of our God. (However, compare Ex. 30:11–16.)
Neh. 10:33–34 showbread. See Lev. 24:5–9. wood offering. Again, no specific law requires this tax, but the need for it is implied in Lev. 6:12–13. This is why it is described as written in the Law.
Neh. 10:35–37 These agricultural offerings were to supply temple personnel, as specified in various laws (e.g., Ex. 23:19; Num. 18:12–13), but they were not always paid (see Neh. 13:10).
Neh. 10:36 firstborn of our sons. On the redemption of firstborn sons, see note on Ex. 13:2. herds . . . flocks. See Num. 18:15–18; Deut. 15:19–23.
Neh. 10:37 first of our dough. See Num. 15:20–21; Deut. 18:4. Tithes are for the Levites, according to Num. 18:21–24, though the entire nation is invited to partake of the tithe in Deut. 14:22–27.
Neh. 10:38 tithe of the tithes. The Levites give part of the tithe to the priests (Num. 18:25–32).
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