Lev. 4:1–5:13 The sin offering (see also 6:24–30) is for restoring one’s broken relationship with the Lord, whether that was caused by an unintentional sin (4:1–35) or by a sin of omission (5:1–13).
Lev. 4:1–21 These verses show how to deal with the sins of the priest and the whole congregation. Blood is sprinkled in front of the veil that separates the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place, indicating that their sins have defiled the Most Holy Place. But since this is a regular occasion, and not the Day of Atonement (ch. 16), the blood cannot be brought into the Most Holy Place. The priest and congregation as a corporate entity bear heavier responsibility than an individual leader or layperson. Therefore, a more costly animal is required for the sacrifice.
Lev. 4:3 The anointed priest probably refers to the high priest.
Lev. 4:13 If the whole congregation . . . sins unintentionally. For a possible biblical example of unintentional sin, see Josh. 9:15, where Israel made a wrongful covenant with the Gibeonites, not realizing that they were being deceived. realize their guilt. See esv footnote; compare Lev. 4:22; 27; 5:2; 3; 4; 5.
Lev. 4:22–35 The priest atones for the sin of a leader or an individual by what he does with the blood at the altar of the burnt offering (v. 25) and by burning the fat on it (v. 26). The meat is not burned outside the camp, since it will be eaten by the priests (6:24–30).
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