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Josh. 20:1–21:45 The designation of six cities of refuge (ch. 20) and 48 Levitical cities (21:1–42) demonstrates the Lord’s concern that the land be a place where justice prevails and true worship is encouraged.
Josh. 20:1–2 The fullest description of how the cities of refuge are to function appears in Num. 35:6–34, where the Lord expands his initial instructions to Moses in Ex. 21:12–14. There are to be six sites chosen from the Levitical cities, with three on each side of the Jordan (Num. 35:13–14). They are to provide security and access to fair trials for anyone accused of manslaughter (Num. 35:15). In Deut. 4:41–43 Moses designates the three cities of refuge in the newly conquered territory east of the Jordan, one in each tribal area. In Deut. 19:1–10, he instructs Israel about the cities that will be designated west of the Jordan once the land is conquered. The three cities west of the Jordan are finally named in Josh. 20:7. Should God enlarge Israel’s territory, an additional three cities can be designated (Deut. 19:8–9). That the additional three are not mentioned in Joshua may mean that Israel was not entirely successful in taking over all the land.
Josh. 20:3 A manslayer was a person who unintentionally or without premeditation took another’s life. The avenger of blood was responsible for seeing that the murderer was punished (see Num. 35:16–19).
Josh. 20:6 until the death of him who is high priest at the time. This verse condenses the fuller instructions in Numbers 35.
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