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Jer. 46:1–51:64 God’s Judgment on the Nations. Jeremiah has already declared God’s sovereignty over the nations (27:1–15). Here he describes God’s coming judgment on Egypt (ch. 46), Philistia (ch. 47), Moab (ch. 48), Ammon (49:1–6), Edom (49:7–22), Damascus (49:23–33), the ends of the earth (49:34–39), and Babylon (chs. 50–51).
Jer. 46:1 This introduces chs. 46–51. The word of the Lord . . . concerning the nations. God is not the God of the Jews only, but is Lord of all the earth. In chs. 46–51 his words show that he holds all nations and all people accountable for their actions (see notes on Mark 6:18; Acts 17:31; Rom. 2:14–16).
Jer. 46:2 At Carchemish, Babylon defeated Egypt, taking full control of the region. fourth year of Jehoiakim. 605 b.c. (25:1; 36:1; 45:1). Jehoiakim had been placed in power by Egypt (2 Kings 23:34). When Babylon defeated Egypt, Jehoiakim switched sides, yet only after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah (2 Kings 24:1; Dan. 1:1).
Jer. 46:10 day of the Lord. The day that God judges Egypt by sending Babylon against them. See The Day of the Lord in the Prophets. holds a sacrifice. Egypt’s army is the sacrifice (Isa. 34:1–7; Zeph. 1:7–9).
Jer. 46:11 Gilead. On the eastern side of the Jordan River. balm. Soothing substance placed in wounds (8:22; Gen. 37:25). many medicines. A metaphor for strategy. Healing refers to aid from another country.
Jer. 46:15–16 God causes Egypt’s defeat. Babylon remains God’s instrument for punishing idolatry (27:1–15).
Jer. 46:18 the King. God rules the heavens and the earth (Ps. 103:19). hosts. Armies. Tabor . . . Carmel. Nebuchadnezzar shall tower over Egypt like these two mountains.
Jer. 46:19 Memphis was the capital of Egypt.
Jer. 46:25 Israel’s God commands armies (hosts), and he sends these armies against Egypt and her gods and her kings. Amon was the chief god of Thebes, the capital of Upper (southern) Egypt. Babylon’s conquest will include Egypt’s southern regions.
Jer. 46:26 Despite the devastation, Egypt will endure. God will leave Egypt with a remnant, one that will turn to him (Isa. 19:19–25).
Jer. 46:27–28 fear not. See 30:10–11 and Isa. 41:8–10. This promise of renewal includes Israel, not just Judah.
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