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Judg 4:1–5:31 The fourth judge, Deborah, distinguishes herself as the most godly of all the judges. Her actions and words consistently pointed to God, not away from him.
Judg 4:1–3 Israel again did . . . evil. Compare 3:7–8, 12–14.
Judg 4:4–5 Deborah is called a prophetess, one of five such women in the OT (compare Miriam [Ex. 15:20]; Huldah [2 Kings 22:14]; Isaiah’s wife [Isa. 8:3]; and Noadiah [a false prophetess; Neh. 6:14]). Deborah functioned as a civil leader (Judg. 4:6–10; 5:7) and as a judge of legal cases (4:4–5).
Judg 4:6–9 Has not the Lord, the God of Israel, commanded you? A woman would not normally be a military leader in Israel, so Barak summoned the tribes of Israel and led the army (see vv. 10, 14, 15, 16, 22). At least six tribes participated, the nearest thing in Judges to an “all-Israelite” coalition.
Judg 4:11 The introduction of Heber, Jael’s husband, anticipates vv. 17–22. The Kenites were distantly related to the Israelites (see note on 1:16).
Judg 4:13 900 chariots of iron. Chariots were swift and easily maneuverable, the ancient equivalent of tanks. However, the chariots got mired in the river Kishon (see 5:19–22).
Judg 4:17–24 The story of Sisera’s death by the hand of Jael is told in great detail, similar to the story of Ehud’s killing of Eglon (3:12–30). God himself is credited with subduing Jabin.
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