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Judg 18:1 no king in Israel. Compare 17:6; 19:1; 21:25. Dan was seeking . . . an inheritance. The Danites had been unable to settle in their allotted territory (Josh. 19:40–47) because they had failed to capture it (Judg. 1:34–35).
Judg 18:2–4 Zorah . . . Eshtaol. These towns were in the Judean lowlands approximately 15 miles (24 km) west of Jerusalem.
Judg 18:5–6 Considering the highly negative tone of chs. 17–21 and future events in this particular narrative (18:30), it is difficult to take seriously the spies’ desire to inquire of God concerning their journey. The statement under the eye of the Lord suggests that the priest’s response was vague. It does not mean that God approved of what the Danites were going to do.
Judg 18:7 Laish was about 25 miles (40 km) north of the Sea of Galilee, making the Danites’ trip from Zorah and Eshtaol to Laish about a hundred miles (161 km). Laish was renamed Dan (v. 29; see note on 20:1–2).
Judg 18:12 Kiriath-jearim, a chief city of the Gibeonites (Josh. 9:17), was approximately 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Jerusalem. Its precise location is debated.
Judg 18:14–20 ephod, household gods, a carved image, and a metal image (v. 14). Rather than condemning Micah’s collection of pagan religious objects (see 17:3–5), the Danites took them for themselves. a father and a priest. The Danites’ offer of more money and prestige, and the Levite’s acceptance, further show the period’s rebellion. Their stealing from another tribe (18:18, 21) fulfills Jacob’s prediction that Dan would deal viciously with others (Gen. 49:17).
Judg 18:21 As the Danites fled, they placed what they had stolen in front of them, with the warriors behind, as protection against pursuit from Micah’s household or neighbors.
Judg 18:30–31 The Levite’s name is revealed (Jonathan), as well as his lineage. Even those in the family of Moses are rebelling against God. Captivity of the land could refer to the Babylonian captivity (587 b.c.). Or, since Dan is in the north, it could refer to the Assyrian captivity of 722 (or even earlier, when Dan passed into Assyrian control). In any case, the Danites’ priest and his descendants served in that role for centuries, and only the fall of the nation ended the arrangement. Shiloh was destroyed at the end of the period of the judges, c. 1050 b.c. (see Ps. 78:60; Jer. 7:12, 14).
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