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Judg 17:1–21:25 The Depths of Israel’s Unfaithfulness. Whereas chs. 2–16 describe external threats to Israel, chs. 17–21 describe internal threats. The most sordid and tragic stories in the book are found here.
Judg 17:3–4 a carved image. (See Ex. 20:4.) These were normally carved from wood or chiseled out of rock but sometimes were made from a mold (compare Isa. 40:19). a metal image. Compare 2 Kings 17:16. Micah’s mother approved of his making these images. This shows how God’s people sometimes are tempted to mix elements of true worship with practices unacceptable to God. It is another consequence of Israel’s lack of good leadership. The house of Micah was a group of housing units for travelers and relatives (see Judg. 18:2).
Judg 17:5 a shrine. Literally, “a house of God.” This was a perversion of the true sanctuary where worship was to take place (compare “the house of God” at Shiloh in 18:31). Micah also made an ephod (compare 8:27) and various household gods (compare Gen. 31:19); these are later condemned as idolatry (1 Sam. 15:23). Micah further violated the Mosaic law by appointing his own son as his private priest, an office meant for serving all of Israel. Furthermore, Micah’s son was not descended from Aaron (as the priests were supposed to be), nor was he even a Levite (see Ex. 28:1; Num. 16:39–40; 17:8).
Judg 17:6 no king in Israel. Compare 18:1; 19:1; 21:25. right in his own eyes (see 21:25). In the nation’s rebellion, people were doing whatever they wanted, rather than seeking the Lord (see 14:3).
Judg 17:9 Levite of Bethlehem. This Levite had been living as a sojourner, a resident alien, in Judah. The Levites did not have their own tribal territory, but they had 48 cities scattered among the other tribes (Joshua 21). However, Bethlehem was not one of those designated cities, and this Levite was only too happy to settle in Micah’s household as his private priest, displacing Micah’s son (Judg. 17:10–11; see note on v. 5).
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