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Isa. 45:1 his anointed. This later became a specifically messianic title (Dan. 9:25–26), though it was not that in Isaiah. Here it denotes Cyrus as God’s instrument for his purposes, a reminder that God rules all things.
Isa. 45:2–3 Cyrus’s victories reveal God at work in history, executing his own plan.
Isa. 45:4 I call you by your name, I name you. The prediction of Cyrus by name (44:28; 45:1) is meant to awaken the faith of my servant Jacob, and Israel my chosen.
Isa. 45:5–6 The fulfillment of prophecy proves that the Lord alone is God. He wants the whole world to know this.
Isa. 45:7 The Lord’s creative will and wise purposes stand behind everything. Therefore, his people should not be discouraged when events seem contrary to his promises.
Isa. 45:8 God’s sovereignty over all things, as affirmed in v. 7, is the only hope for salvation and righteousness in this world.
Isa. 45:14 in chains. Isaiah uses the imagery of prisoners of war to describe future Gentile conversion. Surely God is in you. For the Gentiles who believe, their new allegiance is to the Lord himself (v. 23). Faith in him also involves humble identification with his people (compare Ps. 68:29, 31; Isa. 2:2–4; Zech. 8:23). there is no other. See Isa. 45:6.
Isa. 45:15 How God achieves his saving purpose will cause wonder.
Isa. 45:17–18 The promise of everlasting salvation (v. 17) should be believed because the One making the promise is God (v. 18).
Isa. 45:22 be saved. Contrast “a god that cannot save” (v. 20). The idolatrous world is not rejected but invited. This invitation goes not only to Jewish people but to all the ends of the earth.
Isa. 45:23–25 God’s goal is a world without idols. He will be either the Savior or the Judge of everyone (see Rom. 14:11). all the offspring of Israel. All of God’s people, Jew and Gentile alike (see Gal. 6:16).
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