Isa. 27:1 Leviathan. An ancient symbol of evil. Myths describe a powerful, dragon-like deity. The threefold designation—the fleeing serpent, the twisting serpent, and the dragon that is in the sea—is matched by the Lord’s threefold description of the hard and great and strong sword. Isaiah foresees God destroying Leviathan, a Satanic figure, finally and forever (see Rev. 12:7–9).
Isa. 27:3 every moment I water it. Contrast “I will also command . . . no rain” in 5:6.
Isa. 27:6 God’s people will become a worldwide garden of Eden (see 26:18). Fill the whole world with fruit, a different image from “fill the face of the world with cities” in 14:21.
Isa. 27:9 Therefore by this. Through loving restraint, God will bring his people to idol-free purity before him.
Isa. 27:12 from the river Euphrates to the Brook of Egypt. The boundaries of the Promised Land (see Gen. 15:18). you will be gleaned one by one. God will gather in his chosen people. The agricultural metaphor matches the “vineyard” in Isa. 27:2–6.
Isa. 27:13 a great trumpet. Matching the “great sword” of v. 1. The Year of Jubilee was announced with the blowing of the trumpet on the Day of Atonement to “proclaim liberty throughout the land” (Lev. 25:8–12). Assyria . . . Egypt. See Isa. 19:23–25.
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