Isa. 21:1–23:18 Five new oracles reveal God’s ruling and judging the wilderness by the sea (21:1–10), Dumah (21:11–12), Arabia (21:13–17), the valley of vision (22:1–25), and Tyre (23:1–18).
Isa. 21:1 the wilderness of the sea. The first oracle (vv. 1–10) concerns Babylon (v. 9), but the cryptic title suggests a place both deserted (wilderness) and flooded (sea), thus doubly hopeless (see Jer. 51:42–43). Babylon represents the condition of the whole world. it comes. The approach of a dreaded message.
Isa. 21:3–4 the twilight I longed for . . . trembling. The prophet longed to see God intervene in the world, but he trembles when he sees the reality of that intervention.
Isa. 21:7, 9 riders. Mounted warriors.
Isa. 21:9 Fallen, fallen is Babylon. The repeated cry emphasizes Babylon’s final and total destruction (see Rev. 14:8; 18:2). Her gods represent the worldview giving Babylon her legitimacy. Thus, the world’s most cherished beliefs are shattered.
Isa. 21:10 my threshed and winnowed one. Probably Judah, dominated by Assyria and abandoned by Babylon.
Isa. 21:11–12 The second oracle of the second series (21:1–23:18) pictures prolonged darkness enveloping a frightened world.
Isa. 21:11 The designation of Isaiah’s oracle concerning Dumah (Hebrew “silence,” that is, the land of silence; see Ps. 94:17; 115:17) most likely represents a wordplay on the similar-sounding name “Edom.” The mention of Seir confirms Edom as the object of this oracle (see Gen. 32:3). Watchman, what time of the night? An Edomite pleads with the prophet to announce how much longer his nation must endure the darkness of its troubled history. The repetition of his question conveys his desperation.
Isa. 21:12 The prophet’s answer is vague: morning is sure to come, with more night as well. But Edom is urged to keep inquiring.
Isa. 21:13–17 The third oracle shows fugitives running from violence.
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