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Hos. 11:1 When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son (see Ex. 4:22–23). Matthew 2:15 quotes this verse to show that Jesus is the “Son” of God, the heir of David who embodies Israel’s relationship to God (compare 2 Sam. 7:14; Ps. 89:26–27). Hosea portrays the Lord not only as a husband but also as a father (compare Luke 15:11–32).
Hos. 11:2–4 The Lord never stopped loving Israel. Throughout their history, he taught Ephraim (that is, Israel) to walk, and he healed them, as a father does with his child. led them with cords of kindness, with the bands of love. Many commentators think that in v. 4 the image changes to that of a kind farmer with his animals. He removes the yoke and leads the animal, not with harsh ropes (as in 10:11), but with light “cords” and “bands” to guide the animals to their food. Then the Lord, like a gentle farmer, even bent down and fed them. These kind acts provide the basis for a relationship of care, guidance, and obedience. Tragically, the Lord’s love was rejected: The more they were called, the more they went away.
Hos. 11:5–7 They shall not return . . . but Assyria. An alliance with Egypt will not save them from Assyria.
Hos. 11:8 How can I give you up? The Lord expresses his unfailing love (compare Isa. 49:15; Jer. 31:20). The Lord is filled with compassion, unlike the lifeless Baals. His affection is stronger than Israel’s ingratitude. He cannot bring himself to reject his people, even though they refuse him.
Hos. 11:10–11 His children shall come trembling . . . I will return them to their homes describes the return of a remnant of God’s people from exile.
Hos. 11:12–12:1 Ephraim has surrounded me with lies . . . but Judah still walks with God (11:12). Both Judah and the northern tribes (Ephraim) suffered lapses in fidelity to the Lord, but Judah, unlike Ephraim, had some good kings (in particular, Hezekiah). One of the highest points in Judah’s history was the victory over the Assyrians when Hezekiah was king (see 2 Kings 18–19, which was 20 years after the northern kingdom fell).
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