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Gen. 40:1–41:57 Some time after Joseph was imprisoned (ch. 39), two royal attendants are imprisoned for offending Pharaoh. With God’s help, Joseph interprets their dreams. This prepares the way for Joseph to be later summoned from prison to interpret Pharaoh’s dreams.
Gen. 40:1 committed an offense against. In 39:9 the same Hebrew verb is translated “sin against.” The cupbearer and baker have sinned against their lord, who enjoyed divine status as king of Egypt. The repetition of the rarely used expression “king of Egypt” emphasizes the seriousness of their offense. The cupbearer and baker provided the king with drink and food. They had unique access to him and were trusted to keep him from being poisoned.
Gen. 40:2–3 captain of the guard. This same title is given to Potiphar (37:36; 39:1). Since Potiphar’s name is not used in this context, however, the captain is probably another person.
Gen. 40:4 In prison, Joseph served a captain of the guard and managed the affairs of his house.
Gen. 40:5–8 In the ancient Near East, dreams were often viewed as a medium of divine revelation.
Gen. 40:14–15 remember me. See note on v. 23. that they should put me into the pit. While Joseph’s remark relates to Egypt, his mention of “the pit” recalls what his brothers did to him in Canaan (see 37:18–28).
Gen. 40:18–19 In three days Pharaoh will lift up your head—from you! The baker’s corpse was to be hung on a tree and possibly decapitated.
Gen. 40:20–22 Pharaoh’s birthday may refer to his actual birthday or to the anniversary of his becoming ruler, when pardons were more often granted. As Joseph said, the heads of both men are lifted up.
Gen. 40:23 the chief cupbearer did not remember Joseph. The reader knows that God will “remember” Joseph, as he does other people (8:1; 19:29; 30:22).
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