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Gen. 14:1–24 After separating from Abram and settling in Sodom, Lot is taken captive by an alliance of four kings who invade the Jordan Valley. Abram gathers a small army and recovers Lot, leading to an interesting encounter with the king of Salem.
Gen. 14:3 The Salt Sea is the Dead Sea.
Gen. 14:4 After twelve years of being ruled by others, the kings of the Jordan Valley gain independence for one year.
Gen. 14:5–7 Under the leadership of Chedorlaomer, the invading kings defeat several tribal groups. The six locations reveal that the invaders moved southward along the King’s Highway in Transjordan as far as the Gulf of Aqaba before turning northward. They eventually arrive at Hazazon-tamar, also known as Engedi (see 2 Chron. 20:2).
Gen. 14:13–16 Abram the Hebrew. This is the first occurrence of the term “Hebrew” in the Bible (see note on 10:21–32). The town of Laish in northern Canaan was later renamed Dan (14:14; see Judg. 18:29). The use of the name “Dan” here indicates that this account was edited sometime later. A nighttime assault allows Abram’s forces to overcome their opponents, who flee northward.
Gen. 14:17–24 This passage emphasizes Abram’s reliance on God rather than on military might to gain possession of Canaan.
Gen. 14:17 The Valley of Shaveh, also known as the King’s Valley, lay to the east of Jerusalem (see 2 Sam. 18:18).
Gen. 14:18 Melchizedek (which means “king of righteousness”; see Heb. 7:2) generously provides a meal for the returning victors. Salem is possibly a shortened version of “Jerusalem” (see Ps. 76:2) and is related to shalom, the Hebrew word for “peace” (see Heb. 7:2). He was priest of God Most High. Although very little is known about Melchizedek, he provides an interesting example of a priest-king linked to Jerusalem. See Heb. 5:5–10; 6:20–7:17 for a study of Jesus Christ as belonging to the “order of Melchizedek.”
Gen. 14:19–20 Melchizedek’s blessing praises God for giving Abram victory. When Abram gives Melchizedek a tenth of everything (that is, a tithe), he shows that he believes what Melchizedek says.
Gen. 14:22 the Lord, God Most High. By combining the divine name “Yahweh” (translated “Lord”; see note on 2:4) with ’El ‘Elyon, “God Most High,” Abram indicates that Yahweh and ’El ‘Elyon are one and the same deity.
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