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Ex. 9:1 the God of the Hebrews. Compare 3:18; 7:16. After the fourth plague (8:20–32), Pharaoh should begin to understand that the Lord favors Israel. This will be seen in the fifth plague (9:1–7) as well.
Ex. 9:8 Here the Lord commands Moses to bring about the sign. Moses is maturing in his leadership role.
Ex. 9:9 The boils of the sixth plague are the first plague to affect the Egyptians physically. The plagues continue to grow both in what they show of the Lord’s power and in their direct effect on the lives of Pharaoh and his people.
Ex. 9:13–35 The Lord explains to Pharaoh the power and purposes of the plagues (vv. 14–17). It is the first time he offers Pharaoh a way to avoid the effects of a plague (vv. 18–19).
Ex. 9:14–16 Although Pharaoh considered himself a representative of divine power, the plagues have revealed that there is no one like the Lord in all the earth (see v. 29). It was only by God’s mercy that Egypt had not yet been destroyed from the earth. In God’s plan, Pharaoh’s main purpose was to show the Lord’s power, so that the Lord’s name would be proclaimed in all the earth.
Ex. 9:14 this time I will send all my plagues on you yourself. Literally (see esv footnote), “this time I will send all my plagues on your heart” (that is, on Pharaoh’s hard heart).
Ex. 9:18–21 Explaining how to find safe shelter from the hail was a test to indicate who had taken the plagues to heart and now feared the word of the Lord. The reference to those who did not pay attention to the word of the Lord again focuses on the hearts of Pharaoh and his servants (see v. 14). The Hebrew phrase is literally, “whoever did not set his heart to the word of the Lord.”
Ex. 9:27 This time I have sinned. Even though he admits guilt for the first time, Pharaoh is still wrong: he has sinned in response to each plague, not just “this time.”
Ex. 9:31–32 The explanation about Egypt’s crops indicates that Pharaoh took comfort from what remained in his land rather than acknowledging the destruction that had already come.
Ex. 9:34 he . . . hardened his heart, he and his servants. Pharaoh’s resistance to the Lord encourages his servants to adopt the same attitude.
Ex. 9:35 The two references to the heart of Pharaoh represent both his responsibility for his own actions (v. 34) and the Lord’s sovereign control (v. 35; see also 10:1).
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