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5:1–7:7 Moses and Aaron: Initial Request. This section describes Moses’ and Aaron’s initial audience and request before Pharaoh (5:1–21) and the Lord’s promises and encouragement in light of Pharaoh’s response (5:22–6:9; 7:1–7). It also includes a genealogy of Moses and Aaron (6:10–30).
Ex. 5:1 Thus says the Lord. Such statements of divine authority were common in the ancient Near East (compare v. 10) and among Hebrew prophets (e.g., Isa. 38:4–8; Jer. 2:1–2).
Ex. 5:2 Pharaoh’s statement that he does not know the Lord may show a lack of knowledge of God’s true identity, but it also shows his defiance against any claim the Lord might have on him. By contrast, God’s desire is that his people might “know that I am the Lord” (8:10; see also 7:5; 17; 8:22; 9:14; 29; 10:2; 11:7).
Ex. 5:10 Thus says Pharaoh. Note the contrast to “Thus says the Lord” (v. 1).
Ex. 5:15–16 In Pharaoh’s presence, Israel’s foremen refer to themselves as your servants, which is highlighted by its repetition. In stark contrast, the Lord has called Israel “my people” (v. 1).
Ex. 5:22–23 Although the Lord had promised that he would deliver his people (3:8) and had predicted that Pharaoh would resist letting them go (3:19–20; 4:21), Moses did not know exactly how this would happen. His first encounter with Pharaoh seemed to have brought evil by making both Israel’s situation and Pharaoh’s disposition worse than before.
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