Ex. 34:3 As Moses goes to receive the law a second time, God decrees that no one besides Moses is to be seen throughout all the mountain. This seems to be a stricter warning than when the law was first given (see 19:12, 17).
Ex. 34:6–7 The Lord’s proclamation of his name and description of his character is a key OT passage (compare Neh. 9:17, 31; Ps. 86:15; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2). God is merciful and gracious (see Ex. 33:19). His steadfast love and forgiveness extends to thousands (probably of generations; see Deut. 7:9; and note on Ex. 20:5–6). On visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, see notes on 20:5–6 and Deut. 5:9–10.
Ex. 34:11–16 These instructions about the inhabitants of the land reinforce the command in 23:23–33.
Ex. 34:17 Cast metal is the same Hebrew word used of the “golden” calf (see esv footnote at 32:4).
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