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Ex. 31:3–5 Bezalel is described as being filled . . . with the Spirit of God, which means that he has been equipped to fulfill the particular task to which he was called (vv. 3b–4; compare 28:3; 35:31; Deut. 34:9; Mic. 3:8; Luke 1:15, 41; Acts 2:4; Eph. 5:18).
Ex. 31:12–17 Remembering the Sabbath by keeping it holy is central to Israel’s life as the people of God. Observance of the Sabbath relates both to creation (v. 17), which Israel shares with all mankind, and to God’s special choice of Israel (vv. 13, 16). The form of the Sabbath commandment in Exodus (20:8–11) stresses the first, while the form in Deuteronomy (Deut. 5:12–15) stresses the second.
Ex. 31:14–15 It is unclear exactly what is meant by being cut off from among his people (see 12:15 and note; compare Lev. 17:10; Num. 9:13). Sometimes, as here, the judgment appears to include death at the hand of the congregation. At other times, the person is killed directly by the Lord (see Ex. 30:38; Lev. 10:1–3) or suffers some other kind of separation from covenant benefits.
31:18 Moses Receives the Tablets. The Lord gives Moses the tablets of the testimony (the Ten Commandments), for which he had called him up to the mountain (24:12).
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