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Deut. 25:1–16 The laws in this section relate to things like administering justice, providing for widows, and being honest in business. They relate to the ninth commandment: “You shall not bear false witness” (5:20; compare 25:1, 13–15).
Deut. 25:3 The limit of forty stripes was to prevent the guilty person from being degraded or permanently harmed. For fear of miscounting and going beyond 40, later Jews limited flogging to 39, as in the case of Paul (2 Cor. 11:24).
Deut. 25:4 Paul applied this law to the work of Christian leaders: If even an ox deserves to be fed, how much more do gospel workers deserve support (1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim. 5:18).
Deut. 25:5 Her husband’s brother shall . . . take her as his wife. This was called “levirate marriage” (from the Latin word levir, meaning “brother-in-law”). It was to protect the widow and provide descendants for the deceased man. It was a case where polygamy was allowed (the brother-in-law may already be married). See also Gen. 38:8–10; Ruth 4:1–12.
Deut. 25:7 gate. See 22:15 and note on 22:14–15.
Deut. 25:9 pull his sandal off his foot and spit in his face. This public event shames the brother-in-law (Num. 12:14). He is not, however, forced into marrying the widow. This protects her from being mistreated by a reluctant husband.
Deut. 25:13–16 two kinds of weights . . . two kinds of measures. A dishonest person might use one set of weights or measures for selling and another for buying. See Lev. 19:35–36. See also Prov. 11:1. days may be long. See Deut. 5:16 and note.
Deut. 25:17–19 See Ex. 17:8–16 for the account of the Amalekites’ opposition to Israel.
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