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Deut. 19:1–21:14 This section corresponds to the sixth commandment: “You shall not murder” (5:17).
Deut. 19:1–3 dwell in their cities and in their houses. See 6:10–11. The three cities of refuge are to be located for reasonable access. See Num. 35:9–34 and notes on Numbers 35:9–34. Joshua 20:1–9 names these three cities.
Deut. 19:4–6 The cities of refuge are to ensure justice for a manslayer who unintentionally kills someone. Otherwise, he might be killed by the avenger of blood, someone from the victim’s family seeking revenge. The law clearly distinguishes between manslaughter (which is unpremeditated) and murder. The death penalty does not apply for manslaughter.
Deut. 19:8–10 The law assumes that Israel’s territory will grow (see 12:20) and that they will need more cities of refuge. That these additional three cities of refuge were never appointed indicates Israel’s lack of faith. innocent blood. A manslayer is innocent of murder.
Deut. 19:13 purge the guilt. Compare v. 19; 13:5 (and note), where the expression is “purge the evil.”
Deut. 19:14 Moving the landmark, or boundary stone, of a neighbor is essentially theft of land (see also 27:17). The law emphasizes keeping land in families, since inheritance rights are basic to Israel’s life in the land.
Deut. 19:15 On witnesses, see Num. 35:30; Deut. 17:6 and note on 17:6–7.
Deut. 19:16–18 In disputed legal cases, the issue is taken to the central sanctuary, before the Lord (17:8–9).
Deut. 19:21 eye shall not pity. See 13:8. life for life. Punishment is to be appropriate for the crime. See Ex. 21:23–25 and Matt. 5:38.
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