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Study :: Bible Study Notes :: ESV Global Study Bible :: Footnotes for Deuteronomy 14
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ESV Global Study Bible :: Footnotes for Deuteronomy 14

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References for Deu 14:5 —  1   2   3 

Deut. 14:1–21 Israel’s diet was to be distinctive, showing how the nation itself was different from all other nations (compare Leviticus 11).

Deut. 14:1–2 You are the sons of . . . God. While the NT often refers to individual believers as “sons” or “children” of God, this is fairly rare in the OT (see 1:31; 8:5; Isa. 1:2). The nation as a whole is called God’s “son” in Ex. 4:22–23 and Hos. 11:1. cut yourselves or make any baldness on your foreheads for the dead. Probably both of these activities were part of pagan worship (Lev. 19:27–28; see also 1 Kings 18:28). Compare Lev. 21:5–6.

Deut. 14:3 Unclean animals are regarded as an abomination (see Leviticus 11; Deut. 7:25–26 and note). Clean and unclean animals are kept separate to illustrate the separation of Israel from other nations (14:2).

Deut. 14:4–8 Clean animals have a cloven hoof and chew the cud. Cleanness cannot be based on the animals’ vegetarian diet, since unclean animals such as the camel, hare, and rock badger are vegetarian.

Deut. 14:11–20 Unclean birds seem to be birds of prey. These eat dead creatures and blood, which are forbidden to Israelites (v. 21).

Deut. 14:21 Israelites cannot eat anything that has died naturally, probably because the blood is still in the animal (see note on 12:16). holy to the Lord. See 7:6; 14:2. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk. To do so would be an insult to God’s creative design (compare Ex. 23:19 and note; Deut. 22:6–7).

Deut. 14:22–29 People practiced tithing (giving 10 percent) as early as the days of Abram (Gen. 14:20). For laws about tithing, see Lev. 27:30–33; Num. 18:8–32.

Deut. 14:23 in the place that he will choose. See 12:5–6 and note. you shall eat. Deuteronomy’s emphasis on festive celebration of the land’s blessing is seen here with an annual “tithe party.” The whole household (14:26) plus the Levites (v. 27) are to be included. The person who truly learns to fear the Lord will also learn to trust that the 90 percent remaining after the tithe will be enough.

Deut. 14:24–26 when . . . God blesses you. A blessing is clearly expected. wine or strong drink. The Bible condemns drunkenness (Prov. 23:29–35; Gal. 5:21) and forbids priests to drink while in the sanctuary (Lev. 10:9), but it expects that drinking will sometimes take place at celebratory occasions such as weddings (John 2:1–10). rejoice. See Deut. 12:7.

Deut. 14:27 you shall not neglect the Levite. See notes on 10:6–9 and 12:12.

Deut. 14:28–29 An additional tithe is to be given every third year for those who own no land and therefore may be poor.

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