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Acts 23:3 Paul, like Jesus, used the metaphor of whitewash for hypocrisy (see Matt. 23:27). Ananias was a particularly bad high priest. For the illegal nature of Ananias’s action, see Lev. 19:15.
Acts 23:5 I did not know. Paul possibly did not recognize the high priest because he had not been to Jerusalem for many years. He also may have had poor eyesight (see Gal. 4:12–16).
Acts 23:14 The chief priests and elders were the dominant forces on the Sanhedrin. Most were Sadducees, the group most opposed to Paul.
Acts 23:16 the son of Paul’s sister. Nothing is known of Paul’s family. They possibly moved to Jerusalem when Paul was young (see note on 22:3). he . . . entered the barracks. As a Roman citizen Paul was probably given generous visitation privileges.
Acts 23:18 The military showed great respect to their Roman prisoner. Note the quick response of both the centurion and the tribune (Lysias) to Paul and his nephew.
Acts 23:21 By rabbinic law, if a vow became impossible to fulfill, those under it were released from its terms.
Acts 23:23–24 Lysias sends approximately half the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem to protect Paul.
Acts 23:24 Felix was governor of Judea a.d. 52–59. He was a weak leader (see 24:24–27).
Acts 23:25–26 Lysias’s letter follows standard Greek form: sender (Lysias), to recipient (Felix), followed by greetings.
Acts 23:27 Lysias had no charges to list. All complaints against Paul had to do with “their [Jewish] law” (v. 29) and not Roman law. Throughout the rest of Acts, all the Roman officials testify to Paul’s innocence of any charges against him.
Acts 23:31 Antipatris was 35 of the 62 miles (56 of the 100 km) by road from Jerusalem to Caesarea (v. 33). This was a difficult but not impossible distance for soldiers to march in the cool of the night. Only the 70 “horsemen” (v. 32) continued to Caesarea.
Acts 23:34–35 At this time Judea and Cilicia were both part of the Roman province of Syria. Since Felix administered a portion of that province and Paul’s home was within it, he determined that Paul’s case was within his jurisdiction.
Acts 23:35 Herod’s praetorium served as the Roman governor’s quarters.
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