17:1–21:1 Jehoshaphat. The Chronicler’s account of Jehoshaphat’s reign is much longer than the one in Kings, where Jehoshaphat plays a subordinate role to the northern kings Ahab and Jehoram. The Chronicler focuses on Jehoshaphat as one who strengthens his kingdom spiritually and militarily (2 Chron. 17:1–19), organizes its system of courts (19:1–11), and demonstrates great faith and leadership in the face of a terrible military threat (20:1–29). At the same time, Jehoshaphat is criticized for his alliances with the evil northern kings (19:1–3; 20:37). Like his predecessors, Jehoshaphat is a mixture of good and bad qualities, but he is seen as mostly good.
2 Chron. 17:7–9 In the third year of his reign. Probably the first year of his reign alone (870 b.c.), following a three-year co-regency with his father (see 16:12; 20:31). Besides administering sacrifices, it was the priests’ duty to instruct the people in the law (see Lev. 10:11; Neh. 8:7–9).
2 Chron. 17:10–11 The blessings of peace with the neighboring nations and of receiving tribute from them are seen as being a result of the people’s faithfulness to the law (compare 1 Chron. 14:17; 2 Chron. 14:14). Arabians probably refers to tribes living to the south and southwest of Judah, close to the Philistines (see 21:16–17; 26:6–7).
2 Chron. 17:12–19 Large armies are a sign of God’s blessing, but they cannot guarantee victory if the people’s priorities are wrong or their faith is misplaced (compare Ps. 33:16–19).
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