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2 Chron. 12:1 That Rehoboam and his people abandoned the law of the Lord is the same as abandoning God himself (v. 5). Likewise, Jesus said that the person who truly loved him would obey his commandments (John 14:21).
2 Chron. 12:2 Unfaithful is an important term in Chronicles (see note on 1 Chron. 2:3–8). The Egyptian invasion is described as being God’s punishment for sin. Shishak is Sheshonq I, who ruled 945–924 b.c. The fifth year of King Rehoboam would be 925 b.c. (see note on 1 Kings 14:25–26).
2 Chron. 12:5 You abandoned me, so I have abandoned you. See 1 Chron. 28:9; 2 Chron. 15:2.
2 Chron. 12:6–8 humbled themselves. See 7:14. The partial deliverance was intended to bring the people of Judah closer to the Lord. This would have reminded the first readers of Chronicles of their own circumstances: they were subject to the Persian kings, yet free to worship the Lord (see Ezra 9:8–9).
2 Chron. 12:9–11 The treasures of the temple and palace were surrendered as tribute to Shishak king of Egypt, so that he would not attack the city.
2 Chron. 12:12 when he humbled himself the wrath of the Lord turned from him. For the Chronicler, this is the key point to remember about Rehoboam’s reign.
2 Chron. 12:14 Whereas 1 Kings 14:22 blames the people for “doing evil,” the Chronicler makes this charge against Rehoboam and adds that he did not set his heart to seek the Lord (compare 2 Chron. 11:16).
2 Chron. 12:15–16 These verses generally follow 1 Kings 14:29–31 but specify that historical records from Shemaiah and Iddo contributed to the Chronicler’s sources (see note on 1 Kings 14:19).
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