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1 Sam 6:3 Many ancient religions recognized that it was wrong to mishandle objects used in worship. The Philistines thought the Israelites’ God was angry about how they treated the ark. They hoped he would be satisfied by a guilt offering.
1 Sam 6:5 Even the pagan Philistines must eventually give glory to the God of Israel.
1 Sam 6:6 as the Egyptians. The Philistine religious professionals knew about the events of the exodus (see especially Ex. 10:1–2; but see also note on 1 Sam. 4:7–8).
1 Sam 6:7–9 Untrained milk cows could not pull a cart well as a team. If they went anywhere, it would be home to their calves. Therefore, if they pulled the cart uphill toward Israel, it must be the work of the Lord (v. 9).
1 Sam 6:12 Beth-shemesh was partway up the Sorek Valley, connecting Israel and Philistia. It was the scene of many of Samson’s exploits. It is listed among the Levitical cities in Josh. 21:16.
1 Sam 6:17–18 All of the Philistines, both fortified cities and unwalled villages, participated in the guilt offering.
1 Sam 6:19 Looked upon indicates staring, peering into, perhaps gloating. This irreverence explains why God struck some of the men.
1 Sam 6:20 The Israelites in Beth-shemesh responded to the presence of the ark in much the same way as the Philistines had responded (5:7–10)!
1 Sam 6:21 Kiriath-jearim was about 10 miles (16 km) farther up the Sorek Valley toward Jerusalem, strategically situated on a hill at the intersection of the boundaries of Judah, Dan, and Benjamin.
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