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1 Sam 19:1–20:42 Saul moves from trying to use the Philistines to kill David to actually ordering him killed. Jonathan brings about a reconciliation between Saul and David, but David finally flees the court permanently.
1 Sam 19:4 Jonathan appeals to Saul the king on the basis of a king’s obligation to do justice (see 25:31).
1 Sam 19:5 took his life in his hand. Jonathan reminds Saul that David has risked his life for Israel.
1 Sam 19:9 harmful spirit from the Lord. See note on 16:14.
1 Sam 19:10 David fled and escaped also in vv. 12, 18.
1 Sam 19:13 The image here was of human size and shape; contrast Laban’s smaller household gods in Gen. 31:19, 34–35.
1 Sam 19:14 He is sick. The author does not pass judgment on Michal’s apparently deceptive response (compare note on Josh. 2:4).
1 Sam 19:19 Naioth may refer to a shepherds’ camp in Ramah, 10–15 miles (16–24 km) north of Bethlehem. It was common for groups of prophets to live in such settlements.
1 Sam 19:20–21 They also prophesied (twice in these verses) probably means that Saul’s messengers uttered words of prayer and praise to God as well as correction for each other, under the influence of the Spirit of God.
1 Sam 19:23–24 he too prophesied before Samuel. The earlier question, “Who is their father?” (10:12), is answered by Samuel’s presence as “head” over the prophets (see 19:20). The Spirit of God came on Saul to take away his self-control and turn his hostility to prophetic praise. Even the will of the king is subject to the Lord’s will. And he too stripped off his clothes. The aggressive, angry king is humbled, even comically humiliated, before the power of the Lord. Thus it is said. See note on 10:11–12.
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