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1 Sam 18:2 Saul took David into his service and would not let him return to his father’s house. This was an example of the “ways of the king” that Samuel had warned of (“he will take your sons”; 8:11).
1 Sam 18:3–4 he loved him as his own soul. Jonathan would eventually give up any claim to the throne for David’s sake (23:17) and would even risk his life for David (20:30–33); see note on 2 Sam. 1:26. Jonathan . . . gave his robe and other symbols of royal power to David. Perhaps unintentionally, Jonathan’s actions foreshadowed the transfer of the kingship to David.
1 Sam 18:6–30 As David’s success increases, Saul’s jealousy also increases.
1 Sam 18:7–9 Saul has struck down his thousands, and David his ten thousands could be seen as simply an example of Hebrew parallelism, meaning “Saul and David together have killed many thousands.” Yet naming two distinct people in a number parallelism was unusual, and Saul in his paranoia interpreted the song as saying that David was superior to him.
1 Sam 18:17 fight the Lord’s battles. See 17:47. Saul tried to use David’s commitment to God to get him killed by the Philistines. Saul’s plotting shows little faith in the Lord, for he thought the Philistines could defeat David even though “the Lord was with him” (18:12).
1 Sam 18:18–19 Who am I? Saul used David’s humble reply as an excuse to give Merab to another man.
1 Sam 18:20–21 that she may be a snare for him. Saul agrees to let his daughter Michal marry David. Saul hopes that he can use her to destroy David.
1 Sam 18:25 The bride-price was normally money, but since David could not afford what was due a king’s daughter, the king let him display his bravery instead. The Philistines had foreskins because they were “uncircumcised” (see 14:6 and note).
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