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1 Kings 10:1–3 The queen of Sheba (see note on 2 Chron. 9:1–9, 12) arrives from Arabia (“Ophir” in 1 Kings 9:28) to test Solomon. there was nothing hidden. Solomon’s wisdom, given by God, was unprecedented. This foreign queen is amazed (10:4).
1 Kings 10:8 Happy are your men! Happy are your servants. Chapter 10 as a whole focuses on the benefit that wisdom brings to the royal court, and particularly to Solomon himself.
1 Kings 10:10–13 The queen’s gift of 120 talents of gold (9,000 pounds/4,080 kg) is a remarkably large amount, yet Solomon was already receiving much more gold than this (notice that her gift is exactly the same size as Hiram’s first installment in 9:14). Solomon was a much wealthier person than the queen. What she gives him is tiny compared to what he gives her.
1 Kings 10:14–25 weight of gold. The accumulation of gold continues. It is mentioned no fewer than 11 times in vv. 14, 16–18, 21–22, 25. It arrives in Israel by various means, including ships of Tarshish (v. 22), that is, ships capable of a journey to such a distant western port (see Isa. 66:19; Ezek. 27:12–15; Jonah 1:3). These ships are said to have sailed to lands so distant that it took three years to return with their extraordinary cargo.
1 Kings 10:26–29 chariots and horsemen . . . silver. The accumulation of silver and horses, as well as gold, is forbidden by Deut. 17:16–17. Solomon has violated all but one of the instructions in that passage. His violation of that one remaining instruction will be the subject of 1 Kings 11:1–6.
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