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1 Chron 4:1–23 Information about other clans rounds off the genealogy of Judah. Verses 1–20 supply additional details of the descendants of Perez (2:4–8), while 4:21–23 fill out the lineage of Judah’s third son, Shelah (2:3).
1 Chron 4:9–10 Jabez prays that his name, which is similar to the Hebrew word for “pain,” will not be a bad omen. He desires to live under God’s blessing and protection. On the gift of territorial expansion and divine protection in response to prayer, see 5:20–22 and 2 Chron. 20:6–12.
1 Chron 4:13–15 The Kenizzites appear to have been a southern tribe absorbed into Judah. Othniel was the first major judge of Israel (Judg. 3:7–11) and a nephew of Caleb (Josh. 15:17).
1 Chron 4:21–23 linen workers . . . potters. These records from before the exile to Babylon (vv. 22–23) indicate that certain Israelite clans specialized in trades or crafts such as linen work or pottery; see 2:55 on scribes. Lehem may be Bethlehem.
4:24–43 The Tribe of Simeon. This tribe’s allotted territory lay within Judah and was taken from that tribe (vv. 28–33; see Josh. 19:1–9). By David’s time (1 Chron. 4:31) Simeon had been largely absorbed back into Judah. Nevertheless, some Simeonite clans maintained their tribal identity through genealogical records (vv. 34–38). These records would have included the historical notes of two military expansions undertaken to relieve overpopulation (v. 38): one westward into Philistine territory in the days of Hezekiah in the eighth century b.c. (vv. 39–41), and another into the southern Negeb (vv. 42–43). The westward campaign to Gedor (probably “Gerar”) is depicted in the language of the conquest under Joshua: marked . . . for destruction (see note on 1 Sam. 15:3).
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