David Guzik :: Study Guide for 2 Corinthians 12

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The Strength of Grace in Weakness

A. Paul's vision and its legacy in his life.

1. (2Co 12:1-6) Paul reluctantly describes his vision.

It is doubtless not profitable for me to boast. I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord: I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago; whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows; such a one was caught up to the third heaven. And I know such a man; whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows; how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter. Of such a one I will boast; yet of myself I will not boast, except in my infirmities. For though I might desire to boast, I will not be a fool; for I will speak the truth. But I refrain, lest anyone should think of me above what he sees me to be or hears from me.

a. I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord: The "super apostles" among the Corinthian Christians no doubt claimed many spectacular spiritual experiences, such as visions and revelations of the Lord.  Paul has been "reluctantly boasting" since the last chapter, so now he will boast of his own visions and revelations of the Lord.

i. Paul's reluctance is expressed in his opening words of this chapter: It is doubtless not profitable for me to boast.  Paul is tired of writing about himself!  He would much rather write about Jesus!  But the worldly thinking which made the Corinthian Christians think little of Paul was also making them think little of Jesus, even if they couldn't perceive it.

b. Visions and revelation - whether they are of angels, Jesus, heaven, or other things - are more common in the New Testament than we might think.

i. Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, had a vision of an angel (Luke 1:8-23).

ii. Jesus' transfiguration is described as a vision for the disciples (Matthew 17:9).

iii. The women who came to visit Jesus' tomb had a vision of angels (Luke 24:22-24).

iv. Stephen saw a vision of Jesus at his death (Acts 7:55-56).

v. Ananias experienced a vision telling him to go to Saul (Acts 9:10).

vi. Peter had a vision of the clean and unclean animals (Acts 10:17-19 and 11:5).

vii. Peter had a vision of an angel at his release from prison (Acts 12:9).

viii. John had many visions on Patmos (Revelation 1:1).

ix. Paul had a revelation of Jesus on the road to Damascus (Acts 22:6-11 and 26:12-20).

x. Paul had vision of a man from Macedonia, asking him to come to that region to help (Acts 16:9-10).

xi. Paul had an encouraging vision while in Corinth (Acts 18:9-11).

xii. Paul had a vision of an angel on the ship that was about to be wrecked (Acts 27:23-25).

xiii. So, we should not be surprised if God should speak to us through some type of visions and revelations of the Lord.  But we do understand that such experiences are subjective, and prone to misunderstanding and misapplication.  In addition, whatever real benefit there are to visions and revelations of the Lord, they are almost always limited to the one receiving the visions and revelations.  We should be rather cautious when someone reports a vision or revelation they have regarding us.

xiv. "How often people have wanted to tell me about their visions!  I am always suspicious.  I want to know what they had for supper the night before!  If people have visions of this sort they are silent about them." (Morgan)

c. I know a man in Christ: Paul describes this experience in the third person instead of the first person ("I myself had this experience").  This had made some wonder if he is really speaking about himself here, or if is speaking of someone else.  But because he transitions into the first person in verse seven, we may be assured that he really is writing about himself.

i. Then why does he use the third person at all?  Because Paul, in describing this remarkable spiritual experience, is describing just the kind of thing that the "super apostles" among the Corinthian Christians would glory in.  When he described his humble experiences in 2 Corinthians 11:23-30, he did not hesitate to write in the first person.  No one would think he was glorifying himself as the "super apostles" did.  But here, he walks more carefully.  He is doing every thing he can to relate this experience without bringing glory to himself.

d. Fourteen years ago: This dating by Paul does little to help us know when this happened, because scholars are not in agreement regarding when 2 Corinthians was written.

i. Suggestions have been made the experience he describes happened during Paul's ten years in Syria and Cilicia (Galatians 1:21-2:1), at his stoning in Lystria (Acts 14:19), or during his time in Antioch (Acts 13:1-3).

ii. The important thing to notice is that Paul kept quiet about this for fourteen years, and now he mentions it reluctantly.

e. Whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows: Paul doesn't really know if he was in the body or out of the body during this vision.  It seems that in his mind, either one was possible.

i. Many might ask, what really happened to Paul? Was he carried up in the body to heaven, or did his spirit separate itself from his body and go there?  The whole point of the passage is that if Paul didn't know, we can't know.  In fact, Paul emphasizes the point by repeating the idea twice (in verse two and in verse three).  Therefore, speculation at this point is useless. "As he could not decide himself, it would be ridiculous in us to attempt it." (Clarke)

f. Such a one was caught up to the third heaven: The third heaven doesn't suggest different "levels" of heaven (although this is what some ancient Jewish Rabbis believed). Instead, Paul is using terminology common in that day, which referred to the "blue sky" as the first heaven, the "starry sky" as the second heaven, and the third heaven as the place where God lived and reigned.

i. "In the sacred writings three heavens only are mentioned.  The first is the atmosphere … The second, the starry heaven … And, thirdly, the place of the blessed, or the throne of the Divine glory." (Clarke)

ii. So, this such a one - whom we understand to be Paul himself - was caught up to the heaven where God was.  Paul had a vision or an experience of the throne of God, just as Isaiah (Isaiah 6:1) and John (Revelation 4:1-2) did.

g. He was caught up into Paradise: Paul identifies this third heaven as Paradise. The word Paradise is taken from the Persian word for an enclosed, luxurious garden often only found among royalty in the ancient world.

i. Some early Christians wrongly thought Paradise was the place where souls of believers went after death to await resurrection.  Some of them (like the ancient theologian Origen) even believed Paradise was located somewhere on the earth's surface.

h. And heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter: In describing this heavenly vision, Paul doesn't relate anything he saw; only a shadowy description of what he heard.

i. When we think of this, we realize how different Paul is than most of those who describe their so-called "visions" of heaven today.  First, Paul waiting fourteen years to say anything about the incident and he only said anything about it reluctantly.  He does everything he can in relating the story to take the focus off of himself (such as writing in the third person).  And he doesn't bother at all with breathless descriptions of what he actually experienced.  Instead, he says nothing of what he saw, and says of what he heard only they were things not lawful for a man to utter.  There is nothing self-glorying, self-aggrandizing, or foolish in his description of his experience.

ii. So what did Paul hear?  We don't know!  They were inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter.  God didn't want us to know, so He didn't give Paul permission to speak.

iii. However, some commentators can't resist speculating: "It is probable that the apostle refers to some communication concerning the Divine nature and the Divine economy, of which he was only to make a general use in his preaching and writing.  No doubt that what he learned at this time formed the basis of all his doctrines." (Clarke)

i. Of such a one I will boast; yet of myself I will not boast, except in my infirmities: Paul is essentially saying that this "nameless" man who had the vision really had something to boast about.  But "Paul himself" really could only boast in his infirmities, which was exactly what he did in 2 Corinthians 11:23-30.

i. Thought I might desire to boast, I will not be a fool: Again, Paul is sharply - and humorously - contrasting himself with the "super apostles" among the Corinthian Christians.  They would not hesitate to boast about the kind of vision Paul had.  In fact, they would write books, make tapes and videos, and go on speaking tours about such a vision!  And if they did, each of them would be a fool.  Paul will not be a fool, so he will not boast in this vision.

ii. At the same time, we almost sense that it was important for Paul to communicate to the Corinthian Christians that he really did have such experiences.  Often, it is easy to think that the only ones who have profound experiences with God are those who boast about them constantly.  Paul never did, but he certainly had profound experiences with God.  The proof of those profound experiences was found in his transformed life and powerful, truthful, ministry.

iii. So, Paul felt it important to mention this experience, but not to dwell on it in any way.  He wasn't trying to "sell" himself to the Corinthian Christians.  In fact, he holds back from his description (But I forbear), because he didn't want to persuade the Corinthian Christians that he was just another "super apostle" (lest anyone should think of me above what he sees me to be or hears from me).  If the Corinthian Christians thought Paul was weak and different than the "super apostles," that was fine with him.  He wanted the Corinthian Christians to see the glory of God expressed in weakness, not to see him as "great" as the "super apostles."

j. Why was Paul given this vision?  First, he was given it for you and me, so we would benefit from what the Lord showed Paul.  Secondly, he was given it because what God told him through this vision sustained him through all the trials of ministry, and enabled Paul to give everything God wanted him to give to all generations. This vision helped Paul finish his course.

2. (2Co 12:7) The presence of Paul's thorn in the flesh.

And lest I should be exalted above measure by the abundance of the revelations, a thorn in the flesh was given to me, a messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I be exalted above measure.

a. And lest I should be exalted above measure by the abundance of the revelations: Paul's vision was so impressive that it would have been easy for him to be exalted above measure by the abundance of the revelations. He could have gloried in himself, or caused others to glory in him because of this experience.

i. Paul was not immune to the danger of pride.  No one is. "The best of God's people have in them a root of pride, or a disposition to be exalted above measure, upon their receipt of favours from God not common to others." (Poole)

b. To prevent being exalted above measure, Paul was given something: a thorn in the flesh was given to me. In this, Paul reveals the real reason for telling of his heavenly vision: not to glorify himself, but to explain his thorn in the flesh.

i. It seems that everyone could see the thorn in the flesh Paul suffered from.  It was no secret.  His heavenly vision was a secret until now, but everyone saw the thorn.  Some among the Corinthian Christians probably thought less of Paul because of his thorn in the flesh, but they knew nothing of the amazing spiritual experience that lay behind it!

ii. "He says, 'There was given to me.'  He reckoned his great trial to be a gift.  It is well put.  He does not say, 'There was inflicted upon me a thorn in the flesh,' but 'There was given to me.'" (Spurgeon)

c. What is a thorn in the flesh?  When we think of a thorn, we think of a somewhat minor irritation.  But the root word Paul uses for thorn here describes a tent stake, not a thumbtack!

i. In the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint, the word skolops (thorn) shows "something which frustrates and causes trouble in the lives of those afflicted." (Kruse)

d. A thorn in the flesh was given to me, a messenger of Satan to buffet me: In a strange way, the thorn was both given (ultimately given by God), but it was also a messenger of Satan.

i. Satan probably jumped at God's permission to afflict Paul, and did so with malice towards the apostle.  But God had a purpose in it all, and allowed Satan's messenger to successfully keep Paul from being exalted above measure.

ii. To buffet me means that this thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan, "punched" Paul.  He felt that he was beaten black and blue by this messenger of Satan.

iii. Paul, punched about by the devil?  Who would have thought it?  "Perhaps you have looked into the face of a Christian who is always smiling, who never seems to have any worry, is always happy and radiant and, as you have thought about your own circumstances, you have said in your heart, 'I wish I were he!  He seems to have no problems.  He doesn't have to take what I do.'  But perhaps you have lived long enough, as I have, not know that sometimes the most radiant face hides great pressures, and often the man who is being most blessed of God is being most buffeted by the devil." (Redpath)

e. It is interesting to consider what a counselor without a Biblical perspective would have said to Paul. Imagine that Paul tells the counselor about his great infirmity, his troublesome "thorn in the flesh," and how Paul feels weak and powerless to continue on against it.  We might imagine that the counselor would say, "Well Paul, what you need a positive mental outlook to meet this problem."  Or, he might say "Paul, the power is within you to conquer over this infirmity; you should look deep within the inner man to find the resources for success."  Perhaps the counselor would then tell Paul "What you really need a support group of caring individuals."  Or he might even seek to challenge Paul by saying "Paul, if you really had faith, you would be delivered from this thorn in the flesh."  Some of this advice might be good in different circumstances.  But Paul will take his problem to the Wonderful Counselor, and He will have something different to say.

3. (2Co 12:8) Paul's prayer regarding the thorn in the flesh.

Concerning this thing I pleaded with the Lord three times that it might depart from me.

a. Concerning this thing I pleaded with the Lord: Paul did exactly what he told others to do in a time of trouble.  Paul believed for himself what he wrote in Philippians 4:6: Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God.

b. I pleaded with the Lord three times: In fact, Paul repeatedly prayed about this thorn in the flesh.  We might imagine that when the thorn in the flesh first appeared, Paul thought, "This is no problem.  I'll just give it to the Lord in prayer."  But nothing happened when he prayed.  So he thought, "This is a tough one," and prayed again.  When nothing happened after praying the third time, he knew God was trying to tell him something.

i. Some think that Paul is using a Hebrew figure of speech that really means much more than three times.  "That does not mean three times. It is the Hebrew figure for ceaselessly, continuously, over and over again." (Morgan)

ii. Some say it is unspiritual and evidence of little faith to pray for something more than once. That would be surprising to Paul, who pleaded with the Lord three times, and to Jesus, who prayed with the same words three times in His agony in the Garden of Gethsemane (Mark 14:39-41).

iii. But there was nothing wrong with Paul's prayer.  "God respecteth not the arithmetic of our prayers, how many they are; not the rhetoric of our prayers, how neat they are; nor the geometry of our prayers, how long they are; nor the music of our prayers, how melodious they are; nor the logic of our prayers, how methodical they are; but the divinity of our prayers, how heart-sprung they are.  Not gifts, but graces prevail in prayer." (Trapp)

c. Paul's prayer was passionate. He pleaded with the Lord about this matter.  We might even wonder if he wasn't surprised when the prayer was not answered the first or second time.

d. That it might depart from me: Paul's initial prayer was to escape the suffering this thorn in the flesh brought him.  Paul was no masochist.  When he suffered, his first instinct was to ask God to take it away.

i. But when his passionate, repeated plea for deliverance was not answered, it must have concerned Paul. It added another dimension to this trial.  The trial had a physical dimension, in that it was a thorn in the flesh.  It had a mental dimension, in that it was a messenger of Satan.  And it had a spiritual dimension, in that it was an unanswered prayer.

e. What exactly was Paul's problem?  We simply don't have enough information to say precisely, but that hasn't prevented many commentators and teachers from giving their opinion.

i. Some have seen it mainly as spiritual harassment.  Others have thought it was persecution.  Many have suggested it was a physical or mental ailment.  Some have said this was Paul's struggle with lustful and sinful thoughts.

ii. Among Christians, Tertullian gives the earliest recorded guess at the exact nature of Paul's problem.  He thought the thorn in the flesh was an earache or a headache.

iii. In more modern times, historian Sir William Ramsay offered the suggestion that Paul's infirmity was a type of malaria common to the area that he served as a missionary.  Sufferers of this type of malaria suffer attacks when under stress, and they "feel a contempt and loathing for self, and believes that others feel equal contempt and loathing."  This malarial fever also produces severe headaches, described by sufferers as being "like a red-hot bar thrust through the forehead."

iv. Each of these suggestions is possible, but God had a definite purpose in not revealing the exact nature of Paul's thorn.  If we knew exactly what Paul's thorn was, then everybody who was afflicted, but not in exactly the same way, might doubt that Paul's experience was relevant for them.  God wanted everyone with any kind of thorn in the flesh to be able to put themselves in Paul's shoes. "I generally find that each expositor has selected that particular thorn which had pierced his own bosom." (Spurgeon)

4. (2Co 12:9-10) God's provision to Paul through his thorn in the flesh.

And He said to me, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My strength is made perfect in weakness." Therefore most gladly I will rather boast in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me. Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in needs, in persecutions, in distresses, for Christ's sake. For when I am weak, then I am strong.

a. And He said to me: God had a response for Paul.  The answer was not what Paul was initially hoping for, or expecting.  But God still had a response for Paul.  We often close our ears to God if He responds in a way we were not hoping for, or expecting.

b. My grace is sufficient for you, for My strength is made perfect in weakness: Instead of removing the thorn from Paul's life, God had given, and would give, His grace to Paul.  The grace God gave Paul was sufficient to meet his every need.

i. Paul was desperate in his desire to be relieved of this burden.  But there are two ways of taking away a burden.  It can be done by removing the load, or it can be done by strengthening the shoulder bearing the load.  Instead of taking away the thorn, God would strengthen Paul under it, and God would show His strength through Paul's apparent weakness.

ii. To do this, Paul had to believe that God's grace is sufficient. We really don't believe God's grace is sufficient until we believe we ourselves are insufficient.  For many of us, especially in American culture, this is a huge obstacle.  We are the people who idolize the "self-made man" and want to rely on ourselves.  But we can't receive God's strength until we know our weakness.  We can't receive the sufficiency of God's grace until we know our own insufficiency.

iii. "Great tribulation brings out the great strength of God. If you never feel inward conflicts and sinking of soul, you do not know much of the upholding power of God; but if you go down, down, into the depths of soul-anguish till the deep threatens to shut her mouth upon you, and then the Lord rides upon a cherub and does fly, yea, rides upon the wings of the wind and delivers your soul, and catches you away to the third heaven of delight, then you perceive the majesty of divine grace. Oh, there must be the weakness of man, felt, recognised, and mourned over, or else the strength of the Son of God will never be perfected in us." (Spurgeon)

c. How did God's grace make the difference?  How did it meet Paul's need at this point?

i. Grace could meet Paul's need because it expresses God's acceptance and pleasure in us.  When we receive His grace, we enjoy our status of favor and approval in God's eyes.  Grace means that God likes us, that He is favorably disposed towards us; we have His approval and promise of care.

ii. Grace could meet Paul's need because it was available all the time.  When we sin or fail, it does not put us outside of the reach of God's grace.  Since grace is given freely to us in Jesus, it can't be taken at later because we stumble or fall.  When we come to God by faith, through the blood of Jesus, His grace is ever ready to meet and minister to our insufficiencies.

iii. Grace could meet Paul's need because it was the very strength of God.  So much of the power of this world is expressed in things that can only bring harm and destruction.  But God loves to show His power through His goodness and grace. Sometimes we associate goodness with cowardice or timidity.  But when we do, we take a worldly perspective about power and strength, and we deny God's truth about the strength of grace and love.  Grace is not weak or wimpy.  Instead, it is the power of God to fulfill what we lack.

d. My grace is sufficient for you: You may emphasize any aspect of this you please.

i. "My grace is sufficient for you."  Grace is the favor and love of God in action.  It means He loves us and is pleased by us.  Can you hear it from God?  "My love is enough for you."  Isn't it true?

ii. "My grace is sufficient for you."  Whose grace is it?  Jesus' grace.  Isn't His love, His favor, enough?  What will Jesus fail at?  Remember to that Jesus suffered thorns.  He cares.  He knows.

iii. "My grace is sufficient for you."  It is right now.  Not that it will be some day.  Right now, at this moment, His grace is sufficient. You thought something had to change before His grace would be enough.  You thought, "His grace was sufficient once.  His grace may be sufficient again.  But not now, not with what I am going through."  But God's word stands.  "My grace is sufficient for you."  Spurgeon wrote, "It is easy to believe in grace for the past and the future, but to rest in it for the immediate necessity is true faith.  Believer, it is now that grace is sufficient: even at this moment it is enough for thee."

iv. "My grace is sufficient for you."  Redpath explains this aspect best: "Do you see the humor of the situation?  God's grace: me.  His grace sufficient for little me!  How absurd to think that it could ever be any different!  As if a little fish could swim in the ocean and fear lest it might drink it dry!  The grace of our crucified, risen, exalted, triumphant Saviour, the Lord of all glory, is surely sufficient for me!  Do you not think it is rather modest of the Lord to say sufficient?"

v. "My grace is sufficient for you."  I'm so glad God didn't say, "My grace is sufficient for Paul the Apostle."  I might have felt left out.  But God made it broad enough.  You can be the you in for you.  God's grace is sufficient for you!  Are you beyond it?  Are you so different?  Is your thorn worse than Paul's, or worse than many others who have known the triumph of Jesus?  Of course not.

vi. "This sufficiency is declared without any limiting words, and therefore I understand the passage to mean that the grace of our Lord Jesus is sufficient to uphold thee, sufficient to strengthen thee, sufficient to comfort thee, sufficient to make thy trouble useful to thee, sufficient to enable thee to triumph over it, sufficient to bring thee out of it, sufficient to bring thee out of ten thousand like it, sufficient to bring thee home to heaven … O child of God, I wish it were possible to put into words this all-sufficiency, but it is not. Let me retract my speech: I am glad that it cannot be put into words, for if so it would be finite, but since we never can express it, glory be to God it is inexhaustible, and our demands upon it can never be too great. Here let me press upon you the pleasing duty of taking home the promise personally at this moment, for no believer here need be under any fear, since for him also, at this very instant, the grace of the Lord Jesus is sufficient." (Spurgeon)

vii. "John Bunyan has the following passage, which exactly expresses what I myself have experienced. He says that he was full of sadness and terror, but suddenly these words broke in upon him with great power, and three times together the words sounded in his ears, "My grace is sufficient for thee; my grace is sufficient for thee; my grace is sufficient for thee." And "Oh! Bethought," says he, "that every word was a mighty word unto me; as 'My,' and 'grace,' and 'sufficient,' and 'for thee'; they were then, and sometimes are still, far bigger than others be." He who knows, like the bee, how to suck honey from flowers, may well linger over each one of these words and drink in unutterable content." (Spurgeon)

e. Therefore most gladly I will rather boast in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me: Through his infirmities, God made Paul completely dependent on His grace and on His strength.  But it was all for good.  Paul's continued - even forced - dependence upon God made him stronger than he would have ever been if his revelations had made him proud and self-sufficient.

i. Many of us think that real Christian maturity is when we come to a place where we are somewhat "independent" of God.  The idea is that we have our act so together that we don't need to rely of God so much day to day, moment to moment.  This isn't Christian maturity at all.  God deliberately engineered debilitating circumstances into Paul's life so he would be in constant, total dependence on God's grace and God's strength.

ii. Many people see God as a parent that we outgrow.  Once we're mature, once we have overcome certain obstacles in life, we can shake off God just the same as we shook off the authority of our parents.  And some of us treat God the same way we treat our parents.  We give Him a measure of respect, we give Him His due - but we no longer feel we really have to obey Him any more.  In our hearts, we have moved out of the house.  We think we can make our own rules in life as long as we have supper at God's house once a week and give the "old man" a little recognition.

iii. Many harbor a longing for the day when the Christian life will become "easy."  We hope for a time when the major struggles with sin are behind us, and now we go on to bigger and better things without much of a struggle.  That day is an illusion.  If the apostle Paul himself constantly experienced weakness, who are we to think that we will surpass him?

iv. In fact, the illusion of strength and independence actually leaves someone in a weaker place.  "There is nothing more hindering the work of God than the uplifted and proud Christian." (Morgan)

v. "Ministers of the Gospel especially should banish all thoughts of their own cleverness, intellectual ability, culture, sufficiency for their work, and learn that only when they are emptied can they be filled, and only when they know themselves to be nothing are they ready for God to work through them." (Maclaren)

vi. "God works through the man who has been wiped clean and turned inside out, his life emptied before the Lord until he is hopelessly weak, that no flesh might glory in His presence." (Redpath)

f. Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities: In the end, Paul does not resign himself to his fate; he welcomes it.  He rejoices that God has forced him to rely on the grace and strength of God all the more, so he can say, when I am weak, then I am strong.

i. Paul was at such a level of spiritual strength and maturity that God had to deliberately introduce a thorn in the flesh.  Most of us provide our own thorns, and half an honest look will show us enough weakness to make us constantly and totally rely on the grace and strength of Jesus.  But even if we were to grow to the spiritual strength and maturity of a Paul, God would say to us as well: "I need to keep you depending on Me in everything.  Here is something to depend on Me for." This is a place of victory, not of discouragement!

ii. "In the Christian perspective there is no place for the aimless non-resistance of dispirited resignation." (Hughes)

g. Paul's pleasure in infirmities is not the sick musing of an ascetic, thinking that we are justified before God by our sufferings. Paul didn't seek out his thorn in the flesh!

i. "The concept, so pernicious in the Church at a later date, of courting martyrdom, of practising asceticism, and even of embracing dirt, disease, and destitution as means to the acquisition of favour before God, is diametrically opposed to the Apostle's mind and to the whole tenor of the gospel in the New Testament, for it is a concept governing a way of life for one's own sake, with a view to making oneself righteous and acceptable before God - a concept of works, not faith." (Hughes)

h. For when I am weak, then I am strong: What triumph!  What can the world do to such a man so firm in the grip of Jesus?  God did not allow this thorn in the flesh to punish Paul, or to keep him weak for the sake of weakness. God allowed it to show a divine strength in Paul.

i.  Think about this man Paul.  Was he a weak man or a strong man?  The man who traveled around the ancient world spreading the gospel of Jesus despite the fiercest persecutions, who endured shipwrecks and imprisonment, who preached to kings and slaves, who established strong churches and trained up their leaders was not a weak man.  In light of his life and accomplishments, we would say that Paul was a very strong man.  But he was only strong because he knew his weaknesses, and looked outside of himself for the strength of God's grace.  If we are going to live lives of such strength, we also must understand and admit our weaknesses, and look to God alone for the favor, approval and work of grace that will strengthen us for any task.  It was the grace-filled Paul who said, "I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me." (Philippians 4:13)

ii. "The valleys are watered with rain to make them fruitful while the summits of lofty mountains remain dry.  A man must become a valley if he wants to receive the heavenly rain of God's spiritual grace." (Calvin)

iii. "From all this I gather, that the worst trial a man may have may be the best possession he has in this world; that the messenger of Satan may be as good to him as his guardian angel; that it may be as well for him to be buffeted of Satan as ever it was to be caressed of the Lord himself; that it may be essential to our soul's salvation that we should do business not only on deep waters, but on waters that cast up mire and dirt. The worst form of trial may, nevertheless, be our best present portion." (Spurgeon)

i. To summarize, instead of using his experience to glorify himself (as the "super apostles" among the Corinthian Christians did), Paul relates how his whole glorious experience humbled him more than ever.

i. All Paul's enemies could see was the thorn; they could not see how and why it was there.  But Paul knew, and so he rejoiced even in his thorn in the flesh.

ii. Of course, the greatest example of the principle Paul is communicating was lived by Jesus Himself. "Could anyone on earth be more meek than the Son of God to be hung on the cross, hung in our place that He might redeem us from our sins?  As that point of absolute weakness was met by the mighty power of God as He raised Him from the dead, I wonder if the pressure of the thorn in Paul's life was a reminder of the power of the cross." (Redpath)

iii. Yet, we should never think that in our lives, the mere presence of a thorn means the glory and strength of Jesus will shine in us and through us.  You can resist God's grace, and refuse to set your mind on Jesus, and find your thorn cursing you instead of blessing you.  "Without the sanctifying power of the Holy Spirit, thorns are productive of evil rather than good. In many people, their thorn in the flesh does not appear to have fulfilled any admirable design at all; it has created another vice, instead of removing a temptation." (Spurgeon)

5. (2Co 12:11-13) Conclusion to Paul's "foolish boasting."

I have become a fool in boasting; you have compelled me. For I ought to have been commended by you; for in nothing was I behind the most eminent apostles, though I am nothing. Truly the signs of an apostle were accomplished among you with all perseverance, in signs and wonders and mighty deeds. For what is it in which you were inferior to other churches, except that I myself was not burdensome to you? Forgive me this wrong!

a. I have become a fool in boasting: Since he began this section in 2 Corinthians 10:1, Paul was forced to boast more than he wanted to before the Corinthian Christians.  Paul is almost apologizing for writing so much about himself, because he would much rather write about Jesus.

b. For I ought to have been commended by you; for in nothing was I behind the most eminent apostles, though I am nothing: If Paul thought his "boasting" was foolish, why did he do it at all?  Not for his sake, but for the sake of the Corinthian Christians.  They were not defending Paul's character and standing as an apostle before the most eminent apostles who put Paul down.

i. It wasn't so much that the presence of the most eminent apostles bothered Paul.  It was their influence among the Corinthian Christians that bothered the true apostle.

c. Truly the signs of an apostle were accomplished among you … in signs and wonders and mighty deeds: Paul could also point to the signs and wonders and mighty deeds which were accomplished among the Corinthian Christians.  Each of these were evidence of Paul's apostolic standing.

d. For what is it in which you were inferior to other churches: If Paul is inferior in any way, it is only in that he refused to take money from the Corinthian Christians.  So, he sarcastically asks their forgiveness: Forgive me this wrong!

i. Trapp calls this "A pleasant irony, such as whereof this Epistle is full."

ii. "It is the privilege of the Churches of Christ to support the ministry of his Gospel among them.  Those who do not contribute their part to the support of the gospel ministry either care nothing for it, or derive no good from it." (Clarke)

B. Paul announces his third trip to Corinth.

1. (2Co 12:14-18) Paul isn't a con man, trying to deceive the Corinthians.

Now for the third time I am ready to come to you. And I will not be burdensome to you; for I do not seek yours, but you. For the children ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children. And I will very gladly spend and be spent for your souls; though the more abundantly I love you, the less I am loved. But be that as it may, I did not burden you. Nevertheless, being crafty, I caught you by cunning! Did I take advantage of you by any of those whom I sent to you? I urged Titus, and sent our brother with him. Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same spirit? Did we not walk in the same steps?

a. Now for the third time I am ready to come to you: On his first visit to Corinth, Paul founded the church and stayed a year and six months (Acts 18:11).  His second visit was a brief, painful visit in between the writing of 1 Corinthians and 2 Corinthians.  Now he is prepared to come for a third time.

b. And I will not be burdensome to you: Paul is letting the Corinthian Christians know that when he comes, though he will receive a collection for the saints in Judea (2 Corinthians 8), he will not receive money from them for his personal support.  He will continue his previous practice among the Corinthian Christians of supporting himself, and he will not be burdensome to the Corinthian Christians.

i. A minister may be burdensome to a congregation by receiving support when it is not appropriate, or by receiving too much support.  "He who labours for the cause of God should be supported by the cause of God; but wo to that man who aggrandizes himself and grows rich by the spoils of the faithful!  And to him especially who has made a fortune out of the pence of the poor!  In such a man's heart the love of money must have its throne. As to his professed spirituality, it is nothing; he is a whited sepulchre, and an abomination in the sight of the Lord." (Clarke)

c. For I do not seek yours, but you: This is the testimony of every godly minister.  They do not serve for what they can get from God's people, but for what they can give to God's people.  They are shepherds, not hirelings.

i. This is the heart of Jesus towards us.  We often think that what God really wants is what we have; but He wants us.  Jesus selflessly seeks our own good, and has the complete heart for us, not for what He can "get" from us.

ii. "Paul is only a faint shadow of the Lord Jesus; and if these qualities are found in his life, it is only because they were found completely in the life of Jesus Christ our Lord." (Redpath)

d. For the children ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children: This explains part of the reason why Paul did not want to receive support from the Corinthian Christians.  Since he was their spiritual "father," and they were his spiritual "children," it made sense that they should not feel "burdened" to support him.

i. At the same time, this is not a compliment towards the Corinthian Christians.  Since Paul did gratefully receive support from other churches (Philippians 4:10-19), we know this was not his policy towards all churches.  Instead, it is as if Paul is saying, "You Corinthian Christians are not mature enough to support me yet.  You are still spiritual children.  When you grow up some, you can be partners with me in the work and support me.  But until then I am glad to support myself."

e. I will very gladly spend and be spent for your souls: Paul did not resent the lack of support from the Corinthian Christians.  Certainly, he would have appreciated it, but more for what it said about them than for what it did for him.  For himself, Paul was glad to give; he would very gladly spend and be spent for your souls.

i. Paul had this heart, even though the Corinthian Christians were unappreciative.  In fact, Paul puts it painfully: the more abundantly I love you, the less I am loved. There is hurt in those words!  Yet, Paul would not allow that hurt to cripple him, or even to rob his joy in serving and living.  He would still very gladly spend and be spent for the Corinthian Christians.

ii. We can give, and give in any number of ways. But do we resent it when we give or serve?  A good way to measure this is to see our reaction when our service is unappreciated.  Do we resent it?  Paul's service was unappreciated by the Corinthian Christians, yet he did not resent it.  Instead, he would very gladly spend and be spent for your souls.

f. Nevertheless, being crafty, I caught you with guile!  Here is Paul at his sarcastic self again.  He was being accused by some among the Corinthian Christians of being crafty.  Their accusation probably went like this: "Sure Paul won't take any support money from you.  But he will trick you by taking the collection, supposedly for the Jerusalem Christians, and putting it in his own pocket."  In response, Paul said, "You bet I'm being crafty!  I've caught you with guile and tricked you superbly!"

i. Paul's opponents, the most eminent apostles mentioned in 2 Corinthians 11:5 and 12:11, were in ministry at least partly for the money.  They could not bear the fact that Paul didn't care about money in the ministry, so they assigned their motives to him.

ii. Some have thought that Paul was speaking seriously here, and admitting that he was crafty and used guile in his ministry to the Corinthian Christians.  "Many persons suppose that the words, being crafty, I caught you with guile, are the words of the apostle, and not of his slanderers; and therefore have concluded that that it is lawful to use guile, deceit, [and so forth], in order to serve a good and religious purpose.  This doctrine is abominable; and the words are most evidently those of the apostles detractors, against which he defends his conduct in the two following verses." (Clarke)

g. Did I take advantage of you?  Paul proves that the charge he is being crafty is false.  He reminds the Corinthian Christians that neither Paul nor any of his associates had ever behaved in a financially inappropriate way before the Corinthians.

2. (2Co 12:19-21) Paul encourages the Corinthians to repent before he comes.

Again, do you think that we excuse ourselves to you? We speak before God in Christ. But we do all things, beloved, for your edification. For I fear lest, when I come, I shall not find you such as I wish, and that I shall be found by you such as you do not wish; lest there be contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, backbitings, whisperings, conceits, tumults; lest, when I come again, my God will humble me among you, and I shall mourn for many who have sinned before and have not repented of the uncleanness, fornication, and lewdness which they have practiced.

a. Again, do you think that we excuse ourselves to you?  We speak before God in Christ. Paul is concerned that his defense before the Corinthians Christians may just be taken as excuse making.  But Paul is not making excuses; he has nothing to excuse.  Instead, he boldly says, "We speak before God in Christ."  Paul was proclaiming the truth before God, not excusing himself before the Corinthian Christians.

b. We do all things, beloved, for your edification: Everything Paul did for the Corinthian Christians, he did to build them up in the Lord.  Every letter he wrote, every visit he made, every prayer he prayed was with one goal: to build up the Corinthian Christians in Jesus Christ.  His heart was for them, not for himself.

i. If Paul's opponents, the most eminent apostles mentioned in 2 Corinthians 11:5 and 12:11, were to speak honestly, they would say: "We do all things, beloved, for our edification."  But Paul was a different kind of man.

ii. "It is not his purpose to make the Corinthians squirm, but to bring them to their senses, to help them to rid themselves of the narcotic effect produced on them by the false apostles who had invaded their community." (Hughes)

c. For I fear lest, when I come, I shall not find you such as I wish: Paul is worried that he will find the same old problems among the Corinthian Christians when he visits a third time, and that they would not have repented.

i. Just so they know exactly what Paul is writing about, he makes it clear: lest there be contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, backbitings, whisperings, conceits, tumults.  These all were the fruit of the worldly thinking the Corinthian Christians had bought into, and these must change before Paul comes for his third visit to Corinth.

d. If the Corinthian Christians are still showing this ungodly fruit from worldly thinking, then Paul says, "I shall be found by you such as you do not wish." In other words, if the Corinthian Christians were not in a state pleasing to Paul (before the Lord), then they would find him to be in a state not pleasing to them!

e. Lest, when I come again, my God will humble me among you: If the Corinthian Christians were still stuck in their worldly thinking, Paul would be humbled among them.  He would have reason to think, "I must not be a very good apostle or leader, because these Corinthian Christians will not respond to me."  That was not the whole truth, but it would still be humbling for Paul.

i. And I shall mourn for many: If the Corinthian Christians were mired in their worldliness when Paul came the third time, he would be angry.  And he would be firm.  But he would also be humbled, and he would also mourn. As much as anything, the worldliness of the Corinthian Christians grieved Paul and made him mourn for many.

ii. "Paul reveals to us the mind of a true and sincere pastor when he says that he will look on the sins of others with grief." (Calvin)

f. Who have sinned before and have not repented of the uncleanness, fornication, and lewdness which they have practiced: Paul's anger and mourning would not be directed to those who had sinned.  More specifically, it would be directed to those who have sinned before and have not repented.  Paul was not asking for perfection; he was asking for repentance.

© 2001 David Guzik - No distribution beyond personal use without permission